.breadcrumb { font-size: 0.875rem; color: var(--text-light); margin-bottom: 1rem; }
 .breadcrumb a { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7); }
 .breadcrumb a:hover { color: var(--white); }
 .breadcrumb span { margin: 0 8px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5); }
 .cards-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 14px; margin-top: 3rem; }
 .card { background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--border-gray); border-radius: 12px; padding: 14px; transition: all var(--transition-base); }
 .card:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg); transform: translateY(-2px); }
.card h3 { font-size: 1.125rem; margin-bottom: 0.75rem; }
 .card p { font-size: 0.9375rem; color: var(--text-medium); margin-bottom: 0; }
 .card-large { padding: 14px; }
 .card-header-flex { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 16px; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
 .card-header-flex h3 { margin-bottom: 0; font-size: 1.25rem; }
 .flex-grow { flex-grow: 1; }
 .benefit-card { text-align: center; padding: 14px 24px; }
 .benefit-icon i { font-size: 1.5rem; color: var(--primary-blue); }
 .benefit-card h3 { font-size: 1.125rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
 .benefit-card p { font-size: 0.875rem; color: var(--text-medium); margin-bottom: 0; }
 .calc-box { background: var(--primary-light); border-left: 4px solid var(--primary-blue); padding: 14px 28px; border-radius: 0 12px 12px 0; margin-top: 2rem; }
 .calc-box p { margin: 0; line-height: 1.7; color: var(--text-medium); }
 .hero-stats { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); gap: 14px; margin-top: 2rem; padding: 14px; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1); border-radius: 12px; backdrop-filter: blur(10px); }
 .hero-stat { text-align: center; }
 .hero-stat .icon { width: 48px; height: 48px; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.2); border-radius: 50%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; margin: 0 auto 0.5rem; }
 .hero-stat .icon i { font-size: 1.25rem; color: var(--white); }
 .hero-stat .value { font-size: 1.25rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--white); }
 .hero-stat .label { font-size: 0.75rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7); }
 .feature-cards { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 14px; margin-top: 3rem; }
 .feature-card { background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--border-gray); border-radius: 12px; padding: 14px; text-align: center; transition: all var(--transition-base); }
 .feature-card:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg); transform: translateY(-2px); }
 .feature-card .icon { width: 64px; height: 64px; background: var(--primary-light); border-radius: 50%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; margin: 0 auto 1rem; }
 .feature-card .icon i { font-size: 1.5rem; color: var(--primary-blue); }
 .feature-card h3 { font-size: 1.125rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
 .feature-card p { font-size: 0.9375rem; color: var(--text-medium); margin-bottom: 0; }
 .refinery-table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-top: 1.5rem; }
 .refinery-table th { background: var(--primary-navy); color: var(--white); padding: 14px 16px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; }
 .refinery-table td { padding: 14px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-gray); color: var(--text-medium); }
 .refinery-table tr:hover { background: var(--primary-light); }
 .table-responsive { overflow-x: auto; }
 @media (max-width: 992px) {
 .cards-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
 .feature-cards { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
 }
 @media (max-width: 768px) {
 .cards-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
 .feature-cards { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
 .hero-stats { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
 }
 
.hero-features a.hero-feature-item { transition: all 0.3s ease; }
.hero-features a.hero-feature-item:hover { transform: translateY(-4px); background: rgba(255,255,255,0.15); }
.hero-features a.hero-feature-item:hover h4 { color: #8a6d1c; }

/* =====================================================================
   Scientific SVG diagrams (cross-sections, process schematics)
   Responsive: the SVG scales to its container via viewBox; the figure
   provides a white card frame and the caption sits beneath.
   ===================================================================== */
.sci-figure {
  margin: 0 auto;
  max-width: 1100px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-gray, #e2e8f0);
  border-radius: 12px;
  padding: 1.25rem 1.25rem 1rem;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 24px rgba(10, 37, 64, 0.06);
}
.sci-figure svg {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}
/* Portrait/tall diagrams: cap width so they don't dominate the page */
.sci-figure.sci-figure-tall {
  max-width: 560px;
}
.sci-figcaption {
  margin: 0.9rem 0 0;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--text-medium, #41566b);
  text-align: center;
}
.sci-figcaption strong { color: var(--primary-navy, #0a2540); }

/* Numbered legend that pairs with markers drawn on a diagram */
.fig-legend {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin: 1.1rem 0 0;
}
.fig-legend-item {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.7rem;
  align-items: flex-start;
  padding: 0.8rem 0.95rem;
  background: #f7fafc;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-gray, #e2e8f0);
  border-radius: 8px;
}
.fig-num {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 27px;
  height: 27px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--primary-blue, #1565c0);
  color: #ffffff;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}
.fig-legend-item h4 {
  margin: 0 0 0.2rem;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  color: var(--primary-navy, #0a2540);
}
.fig-legend-item p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--text-medium, #41566b);
}

/* =====================================================================
   Design-methodology step timeline (phased, numbered, connected)
   ===================================================================== */
.dm-process { margin-top: 0.5rem; }
.dm-phase { margin-bottom: 2.4rem; }
.dm-phase:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.dm-phase-head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.85rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.3rem;
}
.dm-phase-tag {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 1.5px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #ffffff;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0a2540, #1565c0);
  padding: 0.36rem 0.75rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
}
.dm-phase-title {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 1.12rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-navy, #0a2540);
}
.dm-phase-rule {
  flex: 1;
  height: 1px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(21, 101, 192, 0.35), transparent);
}
.dm-steps { position: relative; }
.dm-step {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 56px 1fr;
  gap: 1.1rem;
  padding-bottom: 1.1rem;
}
.dm-step:last-child { padding-bottom: 0; }
.dm-step::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 27px;
  top: 50px;
  bottom: -4px;
  width: 2px;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(21, 101, 192, 0.32), rgba(21, 101, 192, 0.08));
}
.dm-step:last-child::before { display: none; }
.dm-num {
  width: 48px;
  height: 48px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0a2540, #1565c0);
  color: #ffffff;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(10, 37, 64, 0.22);
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}
.dm-card {
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-gray, #e2e8f0);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--primary-blue, #1565c0);
  border-radius: 10px;
  padding: 1rem 1.2rem;
  transition: box-shadow 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
}
.dm-card:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(10, 37, 64, 0.09);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.dm-card h4 {
  margin: 0 0 0.4rem;
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  color: var(--primary-navy, #0a2540);
}
.dm-card p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--text-medium, #41566b);
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .dm-step { grid-template-columns: 42px 1fr; gap: 0.8rem; }
  .dm-num { width: 38px; height: 38px; font-size: 1rem; }
  .dm-step::before { left: 21px; top: 42px; }
}

/* Themed citation cards (references bibliography)
   High specificity (.card.ref-card) is required to override the global
   .card ul li { display:flex } rule, which otherwise breaks each citation
   and its <em> journal name onto separate lines. */
.ref-card h3 { font-size: 1rem; margin-bottom: 0.25rem; }
.card.ref-card ul {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0.6rem 0 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.card.ref-card ul li {
  display: block;
  padding: 0 0 0 1.1rem;
  margin: 0 0 0.55rem;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--text-medium, #41566b);
  text-indent: -1.1rem;
}
.card.ref-card ul li:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.card.ref-card ul li::before {
  content: "\2013";
  color: var(--primary-blue, #1565c0);
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-right: 0.5rem;
}
.card.ref-card ul li em { font-style: italic; }
/* Two theme cards per row; citations stay a single readable column inside
   each card. Collapses to one card per row on tablets and phones. */
.cards-grid.ref-grid {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr) !important;
  align-items: start;
}
.card.ref-card ul { column-count: 1; }
.card.ref-card { padding: 1.1rem 1.2rem; }
@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .cards-grid.ref-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr !important; }
  .card.ref-card { padding: 1rem 1.1rem; }
  .card.ref-card h3 { font-size: 0.95rem; }
  .card.ref-card ul li { font-size: 0.8rem; }
}