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Biofouling Control for Desalination Intakes

Keeping seawater intakes, pipelines and screens free of mussels, barnacles and biofilm — chlorination strategy, dosing-point design and monitoring that protect SWRO pre-treatment without breaching marine discharge limits.

An Unmanaged Intake Will Foul Shut

Seawater is alive. Left untreated, an intake pipeline becomes a reef: mussel and barnacle settlement restricts the bore, biofilm raises head loss and seeds downstream fouling, and the resulting debris and organics drive up SDI and shorten membrane life. The art of biofouling control is to suppress settlement and growth reliably, at the lowest chemical dose, with the residual fully managed before discharge so the plant stays compliant. Reynolds & Bauhm designs the dosing strategy, injection points and monitoring around the specific organisms, temperature and residence time of the intake.

Chlorination & Anti-Fouling Strategies

Continuous Low-Level

A low free-chlorine residual (typically 0.2–0.5 mg/L) held through the intake suppresses settlement and biofilm — the workhorse strategy for most intakes, dosed at the screen or intake head.

Shock / Intermittent

Periodic higher-dose shocks dislodge established growth and break biofilm — effective where continuous dosing is undesirable, and useful against larval settlement peaks.

Targeted & Pulse

Pulse-chlorination timed to mussel behaviour (they close valves transiently) can control macrofouling at a fraction of the continuous chemical load.

On-Site Generation

Electrochlorination generates hypochlorite from the seawater itself — no bulk chemical storage, ideal for remote or large intakes.

Disinfectant Dosing

Dechlorination Before Membranes

Free chlorine destroys polyamide RO membranes, so residual is removed (SBS dosing or carbon) ahead of the membranes — and managed to the marine discharge limit at outfall.

Foul-Resistant Design

Copper-nickel or non-metallic surfaces, velocity that discourages settlement, and pig-launch / clean-in-place provisions reduce the chemical burden in the first place.

Materials

Typical Biofouling-Control Parameters

ParameterTypical basisNote
Continuous residual0.2–0.5 mg/L free ClSuppresses settlement & biofilm
Shock dose1–5 mg/L, intermittentDislodges established growth
Injection pointAt intake head / screenFull-bore contact through the line
DechlorinationSBS or activated carbonProtect polyamide RO membranes
Residual at outfallTo consent limitMarine-discharge compliance
MonitoringORP / free-Cl analysersClosed-loop dose control

Protecting a desalination intake from biofouling?

Share the intake length, seawater temperature and the organisms present — we’ll design the dosing strategy, injection and monitoring to keep it clear and compliant.

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