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Marine Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) Design

Engineering recirculating seawater systems for research holding, broodstock and species cultivation — mass-balanced biofiltration, solids capture, gas control and disinfection that re-use seawater while holding tight, stable, fully-monitored conditions.

Re-Using Seawater Without Compromising the Stock

A recirculating aquaculture system re-uses the same seawater continuously, treating it between passes so that water quality stays within the species’ tolerance while intake, heating/cooling and discharge volumes fall by 90–99%. That makes RAS the natural choice where a clean intake is limited, a discharge consent is tight, or quarantine and biosecurity matter. The engineering challenge is a closed mass balance: every gram of feed becomes ammonia, solids and carbon dioxide that the system must remove as fast as it is produced. Reynolds & Bauhm sizes each unit operation from that balance, so the system holds steady at design load with margin for peaks.

Unit Operations, Sized From the Mass Balance

Solids Capture

Drum filters and swirl/settling remove faeces and uneaten feed first — solids left in the loop break down to ammonia and rob oxygen, so fast removal protects every downstream stage.

Biofiltration (Nitrification)

Moving-bed (MBBR) or fixed-bed biofilters convert toxic ammonia (TAN) and nitrite to nitrate. Media area is sized from the feed-derived TAN production and the design areal nitrification rate.

Biological Treatment

Protein Skimming

Foam fractionation strips dissolved organics and fine colloids that biofilters miss — clarity, lower UV load and more stable pH, especially valuable in marine RAS.

CO² Stripping & Oxygenation

Degassers strip the carbon dioxide that biofiltration and respiration produce (protecting pH), while oxygen cones or low-head oxygenators hold DO above saturation at density.

Oxygenation

Disinfection

In-loop UV (and optional ozone) controls pathogens and clarifies water between tanks for biosecurity and quarantine, with residual fully managed before return.

UV & Ozone

Make-Up & Chemistry

A small new-seawater bleed dilutes nitrate and salts; alkalinity (bicarbonate) and salinity are dosed/made-up to hold pH and osmotic stability.

Typical Marine RAS Parameters

Indicative values — sized from the feed load, species and stocking density.

ParameterTypical basisDriver
System turnover1–4 system volumes/hourSolids removal & DO delivery
Daily make-up1–10% of system volumeNitrate & salt dilution
TAN target< 0.5–1.0 mg/LAmmonia toxicity (species-dependent)
Biofilter sizingfrom g TAN/day & areal rateNitrification capacity at design feed
Dissolved oxygen> 90–100% saturationStock health at density
pH / alkalinitypH ~7.8–8.2; alk dosedNitrification & stock stability
TemperatureSet-point ± 0.5–1.0 °CSpecies health & repeatability

Designing a marine RAS for research or holding?

Tell us the species, biomass and feed regime — we’ll mass-balance the system and size the biofiltration, solids, gas control and disinfection to hold it stable and monitored.

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