UK HQ Your time

SDI & Pre-Treatment for SWRO Intakes

Turning screened seawater into membrane-ready feed — DAF, media and ultrafiltration pre-treatment engineered to deliver a consistently low Silt Density Index (SDI) that protects SWRO membranes and maximises their life.

SDI Is the Number the Membranes Care About

SWRO membranes foul when the feed carries colloidal and particulate matter — quantified by the Silt Density Index (SDI). Most membrane warranties require SDI₅ < 5, and good practice targets <3 for long element life. The job of intake pre-treatment is to take screened seawater — with its variable turbidity, algae, organics and the occasional bloom — and deliver that low, stable SDI every hour of every day. Reynolds & Bauhm designs the pre-treatment train (coagulation, DAF where needed, media or ultrafiltration, and cartridge polishing) sized for the worst-case raw water, not the average.

Pre-Treatment Stages to Low SDI

StageRoleTypical outcome
CoagulationFerric dosing destabilises colloidsEnables solids capture
DAF (bloom/oil sites)Floats algae, oil & light flocsBloom & FOG resilience
Media / multimedia filtrationRemoves the bulk turbiditySDI typically to < 4–5
Ultrafiltration (UF)Absolute barrier to particlesSDI consistently < 3
Cartridge filtration5 µm guard before HP pumpsFinal membrane protection
DechlorinationRemoves free chlorine (SBS/carbon)Protects polyamide membranes

Conventional, DAF-Assisted or UF?

Conventional Media

Dual/multimedia pressure or gravity filtration with coagulation — robust and economical where raw turbidity is moderate and stable, delivering SDI typically below 4–5.

Multimedia Filters

DAF-Assisted

Dissolved air flotation ahead of filtration handles algal blooms, oil and low-density solids that blind media filters — essential resilience on bloom-prone coasts.

DAF Pre-Treatment

Ultrafiltration

UF provides an absolute particle barrier and a consistently very low SDI regardless of raw-water swings — increasingly the standard for new SWRO pre-treatment.

SDI & Turbidity Monitoring

Online turbidity and routine SDI testing close the loop on filter performance and trigger backwash and coagulant trim before the membranes ever see a problem.

Intake Monitoring

Coagulant Control

Flow-paced ferric dosing tuned by jar testing and online turbidity gets the most from every filtration stage without over-dosing or carry-over to the membranes.

Intake Dosing

Membrane Protection

The cartridge guard and dechlorination are the last line before the high-pressure pumps and membranes — specified for absolute reliability.

RO Protection

Need membrane-ready feed from your intake?

Share the raw seawater quality, the bloom profile and the SWRO requirement — we’ll design the pre-treatment train to hold a low, stable SDI to the membranes.

Related Pages

Explore closely-related topics, equipment and guides

Industries We Serve

Our expertise spans multiple industries with sector-specific water treatment solutions.