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Case Study: Municipal WWTP Upgrade — MBBR Intensification

A UK water company required a 2.5× increase in biological treatment capacity at an existing WWTP serving a growing catchment, without new aeration tank construction, within a budget and programme constrained by AMP8 spending commitments.

MunicipalMBBRWWTP UpgradeNutrient RemovalUK Water Industry
2.5xCapacity Increase
No New TanksRequired
18 monthsProject Duration
<5 mg/LFinal Ammonia

The Challenge

The works was consented for 22,000 PE but was receiving flows equivalent to 38,000 PE following upstream housing development approvals. The Environment Agency had issued a Regulation 12 improvement condition requiring full compliance with a new, tighter consent (BOD 10 mg/L; SS 15 mg/L; NH&sub3;-N 5 mg/L) within 24 months. Key constraints:

  • Aeration lanes: two existing 6,000 m³ aeration tanks — no budget or programme for new tank construction
  • Existing secondary clarifiers: sized for 22,000 PE; marginal even at current load
  • SRT in existing system: 4–6 days — insufficient for nitrification in winter (10°C)
  • New NH&sub3;-N consent: 5 mg/L (annual mean), 10 mg/L (95 percentile) — current average 18 mg/L

The Solution

Reynolds & Bauhm proposed MBBR carrier addition to the existing aeration lanes, combined with secondary clarifier hydraulic upgrades and lamella inserts:

  • MBBR carriers (K5 type; specific surface area 800 m²/m³) added at 55% fill fraction in both aeration lanes; carrier retention by internally mounted 7 mm bar screens
  • Aeration system upgraded from coarse bubble to fine bubble diffusers (SOTE 25% vs. 8% previously) to supply oxygen demand of combined suspended + biofilm biomass
  • Lamella inserts in both secondary clarifiers, increasing hydraulic surface loading capacity by 2.8× without new civil works
  • Tertiary polishing: rapid gravity filters (1.2 m sand, d10=0.85 mm) to ensure SS <10 mg/L for ammonia nitrification credit reporting
  • SCADA system upgrade: dissolved oxygen control on each lane with cascade control responding to ammonia monitoring at secondary clarifier inlet — energy reduction 18% versus time-based aeration control

Process Train After Upgrade

StageEquipmentConsent Performance
Screens & gritExisting (retained)TSS reduced 200 → 150 mg/L
Primary clarificationExisting (retained)BOD 250 → 140 mg/L
MBBR / hybrid ASK5 carriers, 55% fill; fine bubble diffusersBOD 140 → 12 mg/L; NH&sub3; 25 → 4 mg/L
Secondary clarificationLamella inserts (existing tanks)SS 25 → 12 mg/L
Tertiary filtersRapid gravity sand filters (2 no.)SS 12 → 5 mg/L; BOD <5 mg/L
DisinfectionUV (existing, retained)E. coli <1,000 cfu/100 mL

Results Achieved

Consent Compliance

All parameters within new consent after 6 months of operational stabilisation. Annual mean NH&sub3;-N: 2.8 mg/L (consent: 5 mg/L). BOD: 6 mg/L mean. No regulatory failures in 18 months post-commissioning.

Capital Reduction

Estimated saving versus new aeration tank construction:. MBBR intensification total cost:. Approved within AMP8 capital programme at 30% of the conventional upgrade option.

Energy Reduction

Fine bubble diffusers and DO cascade control reduced blower energy by 38%. Annual energy reduction: 420,000 kWh; equivalent CO&sub2; saving: 115 tonnes/year.

Future-Proofed Capacity

Modular MBBR design allows 50% future capacity expansion without new tanks, future-proofing the plant against population growth and tighter consent limits.

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