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Engineering Contaminated-Site Treatment

Treatment design for contaminated ground stands or falls on characterisation: you cannot specify barriers without knowing the contaminants, their concentrations and how they will change as dewatering mobilises the plume. This guide covers characterisation, multi-barrier selection, pilot testing and verification against strict discharge or reinjection limits.

Design Basis

Characterise Before You Specify

We begin with the site investigation and a sampling campaign to fix the contaminant classes, their concentrations and the discharge or reinjection limits. Barriers are then selected per contaminant — physical for solids and free oil, chemical for metals, adsorptive or oxidative for dissolved organics — and arranged so each protects the next. A pilot trial confirms removal and sets media-change and dosing rates before full build.

Contaminant Profile

Classes and concentrations fixed from the GI and a targeted sampling campaign.

Barrier Train

One barrier per contaminant class, sequenced to protect downstream media.

Pilot Verification

On-site pilot confirms removal and sets media life and dose rates.

Contaminants & Barriers

Matching Treatment to Pollutant

Typical contaminant–barrier pairings for brownfield dewatering.

ContaminantPrimary BarrierPolishing
Free / dispersed oilOil–water separationActivated carbon
Dissolved hydrocarbonsActivated carbon (GAC)Filtration
Heavy metalsPrecipitation / electrocoagulationMedia filtration
Chlorinated solventsGAC / advanced oxidationPolishing GAC
Suspended solidsCoagulation + clarificationFiltration
Ammonia / nutrientssite-specificBiological / ion exchange

Treatment Train

Unit Operations In Sequence

1

Equalisation

Buffers the variable contaminant load for steady downstream dosing.

2

Solids & Oil

Clarification and oil–water separation remove gross solids and free oil.

3

Metals

Precipitation or EC removes dissolved metals; sludge thickened for disposal.

4

Organics

Lead/lag GAC adsorbs dissolved hydrocarbons and solvents.

5

Polishing

Filtration and pH trim to the discharge limit.

6

Verification

Final sampling confirms compliance before discharge or reinjection.

Monitoring & Compliance

Proving Trace-Level Removal

Stage sampling that demonstrates removal at each barrier
Lead/lag GAC breakthrough monitoring with media-change triggers
Metals and hydrocarbon analysis to the consent schedule
Hazardous-waste classification and tracked disposal of sludge and spent media
Trade Effluent, surface-water or reinjection consent liaison

Equipment Selection

Specified for This Duty

Oil–Water Separators

Coalescing and API-type separators remove free and dispersed oils ahead of biological or carbon polishing.

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Chemical Precipitation

Hydroxide and sulphide precipitation removes dissolved heavy metals to low microgram-per-litre limits.

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Electrocoagulation

Sacrificial-electrode EC removes emulsified oils, metals and fine colloids without bulk chemical storage.

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Activated-Carbon Contactors

GAC adsorption captures hydrocarbons, solvents and emerging organic contaminants from groundwater.

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Media & Pressure Filtration

Multimedia and pressure filters polish settled water down to low single-figure NTU for tight consents.

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Sludge Dewatering

Filter presses and thickeners turn settled solids into a stackable cake for economical off-site disposal.

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