UK HQ Your time

Borehole & Groundwater Treatment

Treating a borehole or groundwater supply? See our full approach — aeration and catalytic multimedia filtration for iron and manganese, ultrafiltration for SDI and RO pre-treatment, and disinfection for potable supply — with example arrangements by application.

Borehole Treatment

Multi-Layer Filtration Technology

Our multimedia filters use a graded bed of anthracite, silica sand and garnet. The lighter anthracite (SG 1.5) settles slowest after backwash and forms the coarse top layer; denser sand (SG 2.65) re-settles in the middle; the heaviest garnet (SG 4.1) drops to the bottom. The result is a bed that captures coarse solids near the surface and progressively finer particles deeper down, delivering depth filtration rather than surface straining.

Compared to single-media sand, the graded stack holds 3–5× more solids before head loss triggers a backwash, so run lengths are longer and the backwash water consumption per m³ filtered is lower. Effective filtration cut is 10–15 µm for plain TSS removal; with upstream coagulation we reliably hit SDI15 of 2–3 for RO pretreatment.

Standard build is a packaged pressure vessel skid in SS316L or rubber-lined carbon steel, with motorised valve set, dedicated backwash blower and pump, PLC, and remote-monitoring telemetry. Vessel design to PED 2014/68/EU module H for UK and EU duty, or ASME VIII Div 1 U-stamped for export.

Multimedia Filter Technical Library

Five focused subpages for the engineering detail behind the product

Key Features

Multi-layer media bed for enhanced filtration
Higher solids holding capacity than sand filters
Longer run times between backwashes
Effective removal of suspended solids down to 10-15 microns
Available in pressure or gravity configurations
Automatic or manual backwash options
Corrosion-resistant vessel construction
Customizable flow rates and vessel sizes

Media Configuration

Standard Media Layers

The multi-layer design provides progressive filtration for optimal solids removal.

1

Anthracite - Top Layer

0.8-1.2 mm particle size. Captures larger suspended solids and provides depth filtration.

2

Silica Sand - Middle Layer

0.4-0.6 mm particle size. Primary filtration layer for fine suspended solids.

3

Garnet - Bottom Layer

0.2-0.4 mm particle size. Polishing layer for finest particle removal.

Full media specification — ES, UC, SG, alternatives

Process Fundamentals & Design

This treatment stage is engineered to achieve specific contaminant removal targets while providing stable, predictable performance across variable inlet conditions. Design parameters are calculated from wastewater characterisation data, regulatory requirements, and site-specific constraints including footprint, energy availability, and operator capability.

Process Optimisation

Design validated by CFD modelling and pilot testing to confirm performance guarantees.

Mechanical Reliability

Equipment selected for 20-year design life with minimal wearing parts and easy access.

Chemical Efficiency

Automated dosing and feedback control minimise reagent consumption and sludge production.

Compliance Assurance

Online monitoring and data logging demonstrate continuous consent compliance.

Multimedia Filter Design Parameters

Real numbers for industrial pressure vessels — full sizing detail

Service flow per vessel10–500 m³/h (single vessel), > 500 m³/h split across parallel filters
Service loading rate12–18 m/h (5–7 gpm/ft²) typical; up to 25 m/h on benign water
Bed depth850–1,000 mm total (300–500 anthracite / 250–350 sand / 75–150 garnet / 200–300 support gravel)
Filtration cut-off10–15 µm for plain TSS; SDI15 2–3 with upstream coagulation
Design pressure6–10 barg, PED 2014/68/EU module H or ASME VIII Div 1
Clean-bed head loss0.2–0.4 bar; backwash trigger 1.0–1.5 bar
Run length20–36 h between backwashes on RO pretreatment duty
Backwash rate35–45 m/h (water), 50–80 Nm³/h·m² (air scour) — cycle detail
Backwash water use1.5–3 % of throughput (industrial), 3–5 % (municipal/DWTP)
Vessel shell materialSS304L / SS316L / CS-rubber lined / GRP (selected on chloride and disinfectant residual)
InternalsHub-and-radial inlet distributor, nozzle-plate underdrain, optional surface wash
ControlsPLC with 8 motorised valves per vessel, SCADA integration, head-loss/turbidity/timer backwash triggers

Where Multimedia Filters Sit in a Treatment Train

Full process-train deep-dive

Multimedia filters do not appear in isolation — they sit between a clarification stage that removes the bulk solids and a sensitive downstream process that cannot tolerate residual particulate. The four most common positions are RO pretreatment, tertiary polishing of biological effluent, cooling-tower make-up, and boiler-feed pretreatment.

RO Pretreatment

After clarification & before 5 µm cartridges. Delivers SDI15 2–3 for RO protection.

Tertiary Polish

After secondary biology and clarification. Brings TSS < 5 mg/L for UV disinfection or water reuse.

Cooling-Tower Make-Up

Protects heat-exchanger tubes from fouling. See cooling-water service.

Boiler Feed Pretreatment

Before softening or demin. Greensand variant adds Fe/Mn removal.

Iron & Manganese

Greensand / pyrolusite cap turns the filter into a catalytic reactor. Borehole water before potable or process use.

Mining Reuse

Polishes thickener overflow for direct re-use as flotation make-up.

Integration with Treatment Train

No treatment stage operates in isolation. This process is designed to receive conditioned influent from upstream stages and deliver effluent quality suitable for downstream processes. Hydraulic and organic loading rates are balanced across the complete treatment train to prevent bottlenecking and ensure overall plant efficiency. Our engineers model the complete flowsheet to optimise Capital expenditure and Operating expenditure across the plant lifecycle.

Upstream Protection

Screening, equalisation, and pre-treatment protect this stage from damage and overload.

Downstream Conditioning

Effluent quality ensures downstream biology, filtration, or disinfection performs optimally.

Recycle Streams

Reject streams, filtrate, and centrate are routed back to appropriate upstream points.

Related Pages & Equipment

Equipment Catalogue

Browse our full range of water treatment equipment and systems.

View Page

DAF Systems

Dissolved air flotation for solids and oil separation.

View Page

Lamella Clarifiers

High-rate settling for primary and secondary clarification.

View Page

Biological Treatment

Activated sludge, MBBR, and SBR systems for organic removal.

View Page

Sludge Dewatering

Belt press, centrifuge, and screw press dewatering.

View Page

Chemical Dosing

Automated coagulant, flocculant, and pH correction systems.

View Page

Pilot Testing

Validate process performance with on-site pilot trials.

View Page

Speak to Our Engineers

Request a consultation or quotation for your project.

View Page

Need a Multimedia Filter?

Contact Our Engineers to discuss your filtration requirements and get a customised quotation.

Industries We Serve

Our expertise spans multiple industries with sector-specific water treatment solutions.