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Membrane Concentration (RO/NF/UF)

Ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis for TDS reduction, water recovery, and ZLD pre-concentration. Non-biological. Pre-treatment mandatory.

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Non-Biological

System Overview

Ultrafiltration (UF)

Hollow-fibre or ceramic UF membranes (0.01–0.1 µm) for colloid, bacteria, and virus removal as RO pre-treatment.

Reverse Osmosis (RO)

2-stage RO arrays with 70–75% recovery, antiscalant dosing, and automatic CIP for TDS and ion removal.

Pre-Treatment

Cartridge filters (5 µm), DAF (if TSS >10 mg/L), and UF mandatory before RO to prevent irreversible fouling.

CIP System

Automated clean-in-place with hypochlorite, citric acid, and caustic for membrane maintenance and recovery.

Specifications

Detailed Process Specifications

Parameter10–25 m³/h25–50 m³/h50–100 m³/h100–200 m³/h
UF MembraneHollow-fibre, 50 kDaHollow-fibre, 50 kDa2× hollow-fibre skids2× skids per train
RO Array2-stage, 4× 4" vessels2-stage, 8× 4" vessels2-stage, 2× 8" vessels2 arrays, 2× 8" each
RO Recovery75%72%70%68%
TDS Removal95–98%95–98%95–98%95–98%
Permeate TDS<500 mg/L<500 mg/L<500 mg/L<500 mg/L
CIP ChemicalsHypochlorite + citric acidHypochlorite + citric + causticFull CIP suiteFull CIP + centralised
Power12–20 kW25–40 kW50–80 kW100–160 kW
SCADATier 2–3: AdvancedTier 3: AdvancedTier 3–4: EnterpriseTier 4: DCS
Applications

Typical Applications

Cooling Tower Blowdown

TDS and scaling ion removal for cooling system discharge.

Industrial Process Water

High-purity water for manufacturing and boiler feed.

Water Reuse

Tertiary treatment producing reusable process water.

ZLD Pre-Concentration

RO pre-treatment before thermal evaporation.

Groundwater Remediation

TDS and contaminant removal from aquifer remediation.

Pharmaceutical Water

USP-grade water production for pharmaceutical manufacturing.

Related

Related Process Trains

Adsorption + Polishing

GAC/IX for organics before membrane treatment.

Evaporation

Thermal evaporation for ZLD after RO concentration.

Primary-Only

CPI oil removal as pre-treatment for membrane systems.

Datasheet

Equipment List & Specifications

Complete equipment inventory for Option K — Membrane Concentration (RO/NF/UF). Process train: No | SCADA: Tier 3–4

Special Safety Notes

High-pressure safety, chemical handling, membrane integrity

Mechanical Equipment

Item CodeDescriptionQtySpec / NotesLocation
K-ME-01Inlet screen13–6 mm, manual or automaticInlet
K-ME-02Cartridge filter (5 µm, RO/UF guard)1–2SS316L housing, 20–40", melt-blown or pleatedPre-treatment
K-ME-03UF module(s) (if required)1–2Hollow fibre, 0.01–0.1 µm, 50–100 kDa, SS316L or PVC housingUF
K-ME-04RO pressure vessel(s)4–16FRP, 300 psi, 4" or 8" diameterRO
K-ME-05RO membrane element(s)4–16Thin-film composite, BW or SW, 99%+ salt rejectionRO
K-ME-06High-pressure pump (RO feed)1–21 duty + 1 standby, SS316L, 10–60 bar, multistage centrifugalRO
K-ME-07Energy recovery device (ERD)1 (optional)PX or turbocharger, 50–70% energy recoveryRO
K-ME-08CIP tank (RO/UF)1PE, 200–500 L, heating elementCIP
K-ME-09CIP pump1Centrifugal, 3–5 barCIP
K-ME-10Permeate tank1PE, 5–20 m³Post-RO

Pumps

Item CodeDescriptionQtySpecDriver
K-PU-01Inlet lift pump21 duty + 1 standbyVFD
K-PU-02Cartridge filter feed pump1Centrifugal, 1–3 barFixed
K-PU-03UF feed pump (if UF required)1Centrifugal, 1–3 barFixed
K-PU-04RO high-pressure pump1–21 duty + 1 standby, SS316L, 10–60 bar, multistage centrifugal, 2.2–15 kWVFD
K-PU-05CIP pump1Centrifugal, 3–5 barFixed
K-PU-06Permeate transfer pump1Centrifugal, 1–3 barFixed
K-PU-07Concentrate disposal / recycle pump1Progressive cavity or centrifugalFixed
K-PU-08Effluent discharge pump21 duty + 1 standbyFixed/VFD
K-PU-09Antiscalant dosing pump1Diaphragm, 1–20 L/hFixed
K-PU-10Acid dosing pump1Diaphragm, 1–20 L/hFixed
K-PU-11Bisulfite dosing pump1Diaphragm, 1–20 L/hFixed
K-PU-12Caustic CIP pump1Diaphragm, 10–50 L/hFixed
K-PU-13Citric acid CIP pump1Diaphragm, 10–50 L/hFixed

Sensors & Instrumentation

Item CodeDescriptionQtyRange / OutputTier
K-SI-01Inlet / outlet flow meter2Magnetic or ultrasonicAll
K-SI-02pH (inlet / outlet / CIP)30–14 pHAll
K-SI-03Conductivity (inlet / permeate / concentrate)30–200 mS/cmTier 2+
K-SI-04Pressure (RO feed / concentrate / permeate)30–80 bar, 4–20 mATier 2+
K-SI-05Temperature (RO feed)1PT100, -10 to 50°CTier 2+
K-SI-06Normalized permeability / SDI1Calculated or online SDITier 3
K-SI-07ORP (post-bisulfite)1-1000 to +1000 mVTier 3
K-SI-08Turbidity (UF outlet, if UF)10–5 NTUTier 3
K-SI-09Membrane integrity test (UF)1Pressure decay or bubble pointTier 3
K-SI-10Level (all tanks)4–5Ultrasonic / hydrostaticAll
K-SI-11Differential pressure (cartridge filter)10–1 barTier 2+

Dosing Systems

Item CodeDescriptionQtySpecNotes
K-DS-01Antiscalant1Diaphragm, 1–20 L/h, day tank 100–200 L
K-DS-02Acid (pH adjustment, 6.5–7.0)1Diaphragm, 1–20 L/h
K-DS-03Sodium bisulfite (dechlorination)1Diaphragm, 1–20 L/h
K-DS-04Caustic (CIP, pH 11–12)1Diaphragm, 10–50 L/h, day tank 200 L
K-DS-05Citric acid (CIP, pH 2–3)1Diaphragm, 10–50 L/h, day tank 200 L
K-DS-06Day tanks5100–500 L, PE, bunded

SCADA / Control Hardware

Item CodeDescriptionQtySpecTier
K-SC-01PLC1S7-1500 or ControlLogixTier 3–4
K-SC-02HMI115", IP65Tier 3–4
K-SC-03High-pressure pump VFD10–60 bar control, soft-start, anti-cavitationTier 3
K-SC-04RO performance monitoring1Normalized permeability, salt rejection, LSITier 3
K-SC-05CIP automation (sequence + chemical selection)1Automated CIP cyclesTier 3
K-SC-06Remote I/O3–4DistributedTier 3
K-SC-074G / WiFi router1Industrial, VPNTier 3
K-SC-08UPS12–3 kVATier 3
K-SC-09MCC / control room1SS304, IP55, air-conditioned, positive pressureTier 3–4

Auxiliary Equipment

Item CodeDescriptionQtySpec
K-AU-01SS316L high-pressure pipework & valves1 setDN20–DN80, 300 psi rated, Victaulic or flanged
K-AU-02Pressure relief valve (RO)1Set at 1.1– operating pressure
K-AU-03Permeate sampling panel1Quick-connect, conductivity + pH
K-AU-04Ventilation2–3200–500 m³/h
K-AU-05LED lighting4–620W, IP65
K-AU-06HVAC (control room)13–6 kW
K-AU-07Spill bund1110% largest tank

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