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Clearing Slow-Settling Fines

The suspended load in tunnel water is mostly fine silt and colloidal rock flour generated by excavation, probe drilling and grouting. Left to plain settlement it is far too slow, so lagoons silt up and carry over. Coagulation destabilises the colloids into settleable floc, and high-rate lamella clarification then clears the full flow in a fraction of the area a tank would need — the practical way to hold tight TSS limits at a constrained portal.

Overview

Compact High-Rate Solids Removal

We pair charge-neutralising coagulation and polymer flocculation with inclined-plate lamella clarifiers to achieve a large effective settling area in a small footprint. Dosing is jar-test calibrated to the actual water and trimmed automatically as the load changes through the drive. The result is a clarifier that turns thousands of mg/L of suspended silt into a compliant discharge, with thickened sludge sent for dewatering.

High-Rate Lamella

Inclined plates give a large settling area in a compact, portal-sized unit.

Calibrated Coagulation

Jar-test-set coagulant and polymer grow settleable floc from rock flour.

Sludge Thickening

Settled solids thickened for economical dewatering and disposal.

Tight TSS

Reliable reduction to consent even at high, variable solids loads.

Why Fines Are Hard to Settle

The Solids Problem

Tunnel fines are colloidal and slow, so removing them needs chemistry, not just retention time.

Colloidal Rock Flour

Sub-micron and low-micron fines stay suspended without coagulation.

Limited Footprint

High-rate clarification clears the flow where lagoons will not fit.

Variable Load

Solids swing with the ground, so dosing must adapt.

How It Works

From Raw Ingress to Clear Water

1

Grit Removal

Cyclones drop coarse sand before clarification.

2

Coagulation

Coagulant neutralises colloid charge to form micro-floc.

3

Flocculation

Polymer builds settleable, shear-resistant floc.

4

Lamella Settlement

Inclined plates clear the floc in a compact unit.

5

Polishing

Filtration finishes to the discharge TSS limit.

6

Sludge Handling

Thickened sludge sent for dewatering and disposal.

Recommended Equipment

Plant We Build Into This Stage

Sand & Grit Separators

Hydrocyclones strip abrasive excavation sand to protect pumps and media.

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Coagulation & Flocculation

Coagulant and polymer dosing grows settleable floc from colloidal fines.

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LAMELLA Clarifiers

High-rate inclined-plate settlers cut suspended solids in a compact footprint.

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Media & Pressure Filtration

Multimedia and pressure filters polish settled water to tight TSS limits.

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Tunnel Sediment Control

Sediment and suspended-solids removal for tunnel construction water.

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Containerised Plants

Pre-assembled, road-transportable treatment trains that relocate as work advances.

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Key Benefits

Why Choose Reynolds & Bauhm

Clears colloidal rock flour that lagoons miss
Large settling area in a compact, portal-sized footprint
Jar-test-calibrated coagulation for the actual water
Automatic dose trim as the solids load varies
Reliable TSS reduction to consent
Thickened sludge for economical disposal
Integrates with pH correction and polishing
Robust for the duty of a working tunnel

Related Pages

Explore Tunnelling Dewatering

Tunnelling Project Dewatering

The parent application across the whole drive.

Explore

Tunnel Sediment Control

Sediment and suspended-solids removal for tunnel water.

Explore

LAMELLA Clarifiers

The high-rate clarification technology in depth.

Explore

Portal Water Treatment

Where clarification sits in the portal compound.

Explore

Need Tunnel Silt and Fines Clarification?

Talk to our engineers about a system sized for your tunnel, flow and discharge consent.

Industries We Serve

Our expertise spans multiple industries with sector-specific water treatment solutions.